UKPSC LOWER PCS 2025 Study Material PDFs Free Download

UKPSC Lower PCS Syllabus 2025 – Overview

UKPSC Lower PCS Syllabus 2025
Prelims Syllabus :-
Part -1 : General Studies
1. General Science and Knowledge of Computer Operation: Questions on General Science and Computer operation will cover general understating and application of science and Computers including matters of day to day observation and experience as may be expected from an educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific or computer discipline.
2. History of India and Indian National Movement : Questions on history of India and Indian National Movement will be based on broad understanding of ancient, mediaeval and modern India’s political, social, economic, and cultural aspects and India’s Freedom movement, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence.
3. Indian polity and Economy : Questions on Indian polity and economy will be based on Indian polity, Constitution, Panchayati raj and Community development, broad features of Indian economy and planning.
4. Geography and Demography of India : Questions will be based on a broad understanding of geographical, ecological and socio-economic aspects and demography of India.
5. Current Events : Questions will be based on important UttarakhandState, National and International current events including games.
6. History of Uttarakand : Historical background of Uttarakhand: Ancient period (from earliest to 1200 AD) ; Mediaeval period (from 1200 to 1815 AD): Important dynasties and their achievements; Gorkha invasion and administration, British rule, Tehri State and its administration, role of Uttarakhand in the Freedom Movement of India and related eminent personalities, historical sites and monuments; movements for the formation of Uttarakhand, contribution of people of Uttarakhand in National and International fields, especially in Armed forces; different social reform movements, and different welfare programmes of Uttarakhand for SC, ST, children, minorities and women.
7. Culture of Uttarakand : Castes and tribes, religious and folk beliefs, literature and folk literature, traditions and customs, costumes and ornaments; Fairs and Festiveals, food habits, art and Crafts, dances, songs, musical instruments, major tourist places, important sports, tournaments and awards, famous authors and poets of Uttarakhand and their contribution in the field of Hindi literature and folk literature, State steps taken by Uttarakhand for the development of culture.
8. Geography and Demography of Uttarakhand : Geographical Setup. Salient features of Uttarakhand Himalaya. Rivers and streams, mountains, climate, forest resources and horticulture. Major crops and crop rotation. Means of irrigation. Agricultural holdings. Natural and man-made calamities and Disaster management. Water crises and watershed management. Problems of remote areas. Environment and environmental movements. Biodiversity and its preservation. Population of Uttarakhand: Classification, density, sex ratio, literacy and out-migration.
9. Economic, Political and Administrative Background of Uttarakhand : Political and Administrative Background- Elected governments in Uttarakhand and their policies, different services in the State, the political and administrative systems, Panchayti raj,Community development and Co-operatives. The historical background of the adminstrative system in Uttarakhand- Land management system under Gorkhas rule and British rule, district land management (Thokdari, van panchayat, civil and soyam forest, Kesar-i-hind(benap land)Nazul, nayabad settlements) Modern period Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand-Kumaun land reforms, changes in land tenures and collection of land revenue after the enforcement of Zamidari Abolition Act, revenue police system. Economic background – Indo-Tibetan trade from border districts, the present position, local agriculture and animal husbandry, the uneconomic condition of land holdings and need for consoldation of holdings, Begar and Dadwar systems.
10. Economic and natural resoures : Human resources, Education system of the State and important educational institutes; forest, water, herbs, agriculture, animals, hydro electricity, minerals, tourism, industries (Small and Village), the position of utiliszation of resources. Various schemes being implemented in Uttrarakhand for the eradication of poverty and unemployment and for economic development. Economic activities and their contribution in the State GDP. The priorities of development in Uttarakhand and new strategies of planning and its problems. Marketing facilities in Uttarakhand and agriculture mandis. The salient features of the budget of UttarakhandState.
Part -2 : General Aptitude Test :
1 General Intelligence : The questions on general intelligence will cover, both, verbal and non verbal types, including questions on analogies, similarities, differences, space visualization, problem solving, analysis, judgement, decision making, visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship concepts, arithmetical reasoning, verbal and figure classification and arithmetical number series. The test will also include questions designed to test the candidate’s abilitiy to deal with abstract ideas, symbols and their relationships, arithmetical computations and other analytical functions.
Mains Exam Syllabus :-
Hindi language
Essay :
Section-A
1. Literature and Culture.
2. Social, Political and Economic topic.
3. National/International related topic.
4. Policies related to National development, Science and Technology.
5. Environmental and Natural Disaster (Land Slide, Deluge, Drought and Earthquakes etc.)
Section-B
1. Historical, Artistic and Cultural Scenario of Uttarakhand.
2. Social and Cultural structure of Uttarakhand.
3.Environmental protection and Disaster management in Uttarakhand.
4. Role of women in Economy and Polity of Uttarakhand and Women Empowerment.
5. Economic and Geographical scenario of Uttarakhand and its Tourism. Migration problem of Uttarakhand.
General Studies – First Paper :
HISTORY, ART, CULTURE AND SOCIETY OF INDIA :
Various Art forms, from Ancient to Modern period- their important elements. Literature, Painting, Music.
Bhakti Movement, Sufism, its impact on Indian culture. Main personalities. Social-religious Movements and their impact on people and their life.
Indian Architecture – Main monuments, their chief characteristics. Ancient Indian history-important rulers and their contribution.
Medieval India-Important rulers, their policies, and transition to modern India (various reasons for the decline of Muslim rule, situation of turmoil and transition to modern India)
Modern India-
1. Power struggle between foreign powers in India, rise of the British in India, their policies and its impact on India and the Indians, major British rulers.
2. Impact of British economic policies.
3. Drain of Wealth (From India)
4. Establishment of railways and other means of communication, did these services serve British economic interests.
5. Progress of education, English approach towards Indian education policy.
6. British policy towards Afghanistan, Burma, Tibet. Its impact on India and the world.
7. British relations with native Indian rulers.
8. Policies like Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse, Objectives of the British and their later effects.
-Freedom movement
1. Renaissance in India and its impact on the national movement.
2. Mahatma Gandhi’s debut on the national stage.
3. Various dimensions of the national movement – from Non-cooperation movement to Cabinet mission.
4. Participation of Masses from different parts of India.
5. Farmers and tribal movements which gave impetus to the national movement
6. The ideology of the prominent personalities who provided the base to the national movement.
7. Partition- Condition and Causes.
-Challenges before India after Independence
1. Economic challenges.
2. Building the nation through social and cultural initiative.
3. Implementation of Five-year plan and later establishment of NITI Aayog.
History, Arts, Culture and Society of Uttarakhand :
History of Uttarakhand : Pre historic and Proto- historic background ( stone age tools, The Painted Grey Ware culture, Megalithic cultures), Excavated Archaeological sites, Sources for the history of Cultural Pasts of Utttarkhand (Literary, Archaeological, Oral), Ancient Tribals and Communities, Kunindas and Yaudheyas dynasty, Administration and Cultural contributions of Katyuri, Parmar and Chand dynasty. Relations of the rulers of Uttarakhand with Sikhs, Rulers of Delhi, Nepal and Sirmor in Medieval times, Invasion of Gorkhas and its impact, Administration and Slave trade, Advent of European travelers, surveyors and missionaries, Establishment of Army Cantonments and its social impact, Colonial land and land revenue administration, Forestry, Excise Policy, Regional Political Organizations, Press and Journalism, Arya Samaj and Shuddhikaran movement, Popular People’s protest- Coolie Begar, Dola-Palki, Gadi-Sadak, Forest Agitations, Arrival of Gandhi in Uttarakhand (1915, 1929) and Mass mobilization, Local responses to the Gandhian movements and popular participation, Indian National Army and its support base, Tehri Riyasat; Administration, Dhandhak, Prajamandal movement and merger into Indian Union, Struggles for the formation of separate state in Uttarakhand.
Religious life and Cults (Shaivism, Vaishanvism, Buddhism, Jainism, Nath Cult, Lakulish), Temple Architecture- Types and Features, Rock Art, Metallic Art, Wooden Art, Tradtional Knowledge System and architecture, Paintings, Music, Dance and Songs, Hydraulic Architecture- Kup, Naula, Khal, Gharat, Folk deity, Jagar, Pandav Lila, Dress, Costumes and Ornaments, Fairs and Festivals, Pilgrimage and Tourist spots-Hemkund Sahib, Nanak Matta, Kailash Mansarovar, Piran Kaliyar, Kumbh Fair, Char Dham Yatra, Nanda Raj Jat Yatra, Folk musical instruments, Food habits and local cuisines, Important personalities of Uttarakhand (Spiritual Saints, Freedom fighters, Authors, Artists), Garhwali and Kumauni language and literature, Government measures of conservation of Language and Culture.
INDIAN CONSTITUTION, POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM :
Evolution of Indian Constitution : History and Constituent Assembly Debates; Salient features; Preamble and Basic Structures; Amendment Procedures and Amendment Acts.
Rights and Duties : Citizenship; Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of State Policy; Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy; and Fundamental Duties.
Union and State Executive : President; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers- Power and Functions; Governor; Chief Minister and Council of Ministers- Power and Functions.
Union and State Legislatures : Indian Parliament-Powers and Functions; State Legislatures-Powers and Functions.
Indian Judiciary : Supreme Court-Composition, Powers and Functions; High Courts- Composition, Powers and Functions; Judicial Review; and Judicial Activism.
Elections and Political Parties in India : National and State Parties; Election Commission of India; Electoral laws; Model Code of Conduct; AntiDefection Laws; and Electoral Reform Measures.
Indian Federal Structure : Central-State Relations- Legislative, Financial and Administrative; Panchayati Raj and Municipal Institutions.
Constitutional Bodies and Administrative Control Mechanisms: Constitutional Functionaries; Constitutional, Legislative and Judicial Control over Administration.
Administrative System and Administrative Reforms : NITI Aayog; Different Tribunals; E-Governance; Lokpal; Right to Information (RTI); Right to Education (RTE); Right to Public Services; Citizen Charters; Role of Ministries and Departments; Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) Recommendations.
National Integration and Challenges: Insurgency; Internal Security; InterState Disputes.
POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF UTTARAKHAND :
Political and Administrative System of Uttarakhand: Structure and Processes.
Legislative Assembly in Uttarakhand: Powers and Functions.
Judiciary in Uttarakhand: Appointment of High Court and Lower Court Judges; Powers and Functions; Lok Adalat; Lokayukta; Uttarakhand Public Services Tribunal and Judicial Interventions.
Political Parties in Uttarakhand : Elections, Leadership, Anti-Defection Law, Political Participation and Accountability.
Local Self-Government in Uttarakhand : Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies; Role of State Election Commission.
Social Issues and Contemporary Problems in Uttarakhand : Political and Leadership Issues; Problem of Corruption; Role of Civil Society & Media; AntiAlcohol Movement, Problems of Minorities’; Women and Weaker Sections in Uttarakhand; Climate Change; Power Projects and threat of Lake and Cloud Burst; Illegal Mining; Human-Animal Conflict; Human Trafficking and Drug Abuse Menace.
Administrative Services and Control in Uttarakhand : The Uttarakhand Right to Service Act, 2011; Social Audit; Citizen Charter; Vigilance Establishment Uttarakhand.
Social Schemes/Programmes in Uttarakhand : Women and Child; Health and Wellness; Education and Learning; Business and Entrepreneurship; Agriculture, Rural and Environment; Banking, Financial Services and Insurance; Housing and Shelter; Skills and Employment; Sports and Culture.
National Basic Services Schemes/Programmes in Uttarakhand : National Health Mission; Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA); Uttarakhand State Rural Livelihoods Mission; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme; Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Paryatan Swarozgar Yojana; Rural Enterprise Acceleration Project (REAP); Uttarakhand Skill Development Mission, 2013 (UKSDM); Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grah Aawas (Home Stay) Scheme.
Government Initiatives for Social Inclusion : The Uttarakhand Public Services (Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections) Act, 2019; The Uttarakhand Public Services (Horizontal Reservation for Women) Act, 2022; 10% Reservation in government jobs for statehood activists and their dependents and Acts related to marginalized and other socially/economically weaker sections; State Uniform Civil Code
General Science, Technology and Environment :
Worldwide environmental issues (like air pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution) and solutions for control on them, green house effect and global warming, ozone depletion in stratosphere, forest degradation, deforestation and carbon absorption.
Principles of biotechnology, Use of biotechnology for improvement of living standards in the field of human health and food production.
Infectious life style of human beings and its prevention. Nutritional requirements for human growth, Diseases of animals, birds and plants and their prevention.
Polymers (biopolymers and bio plastics) and solution. Fundamental environmental chemistry, Soil pollution and their treatment. Origin of life, Biological evolution and chemical toxicology, Principles of green chemistry and their products, Genetic disorder.
General idea of Force, Energy, Light, Electricity, Magnetism, Semiconductor, Nuclear Energy, Astrophysics and their uses in daily life.
Basics of computers, it’s components and it’s applications in daily life. Basics of information technology, it’s applications and it’s impact on daily life. Uses of word-processing, spreadsheet and presentation software. Uses of internet and email, Cyber crime and basics of cyber laws, Basics of e-Governance and it’s applications, e-Governance related aspects in Uttarakhand.
Human Values, Work Culture and Civil Service Aptitude :
Human Values: Nature and Types, Importance and Characteristics Role of Family, Society and Education in inculcating Human Values.
Work Culture: Concept, Approaches to Work Culture; Work Culture for Effective Performance, Role of Work Culture in Administration.
Attitude: Concept, Structure and Functions and its Application in Governance.
Aptitude: Meaning, Role of Aptitude and Foundational Values in Public Services- Integrity, Impartiality, Objectivity, Empathy and Dedication.
Emotional Intelligence: Concept and Application in Administration and Governance.
Public/Civil services: Values and Ethics in Public Administration Concerns and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions, Ethical Issues in Public Organisations.
Probity in Governance: Meaning, Features, Deficit in Ethical and Moral Values in Governance. Information Sharing and Transparency in Government.
Contribution of Indian Moral Thinkers and Philosophers: Mahatma Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Swami Vivekanand, Rabindra Nath Tagore, and APJ Abdul Kalam.
Case Studies on Above Topics
General Studies – Second Paper
INDIAN ECONOMY :
Basic Features of Indian economy, National income and per capita income: Meaning & trends, Sectoral composition and structural changes, Problems of sustainable development. Human Development index. Inclusive growth: issues and policy initiatives, Economic empowerment of women.
Economic Planning in India: Objectives, strategy, achievements & limitations, Rational, objectives and functions of NITI Aayog. Regional imbalances, Poverty, Economic Inequality, Inflation and unemployment: Meaning, causes, effects & Policy initiatives.
Trends of agricultural production, productivity and prices, commercialization and diversification, Institutional and technological Changes, Agricultural Price Policy, Rural credit: Issues, Progress & Policy initiatives, Food security: Meaning, Issues, Progress & Policy initiatives, Farm subsidy: Issues, Problems, effects & Policy Initiatives, Industrial Production in India: Trends & composition, Industrial Policy and its effects on growth, Role of MSMEs, Disinvestment: Challenges and Policy.
Tax Structure in India, Goods and Service Tax (GST) : Concept, features, progress & limitation, Fiscal federalism, Fiscal Policy and reforms, Main features of Current Union Budget, Black economy : Meaning, Issues, Estimates & Policy initiatives, Trend, Direction and composition of India’s foreign trade, Reforms in India’s external sector, India’s BOP Performance and Policy, India and Economic International institutions, organizations and groups, Public Debt : Issues & Management, Financial sector reforms in India, Digital Payments: Issues, Methods, Effects & Policy initiatives, Inclusive finance, Monetary Policy of RBI.
Broad demographic features of India, Migration and economic development, Issues related to urbanization, Infrastructure sector in India: Growth drivers and Policy initiatives.
ECONOMY OF UTTARAKHAND :
Features of Uttarakhand Economy, State GDP and Per Capita Income, Structural Changes, Natural and Human Resources, Population and Demography, Forest, Energy, Agriculture and Animal wealth. Water Resources and Energy Development, Natural Disasters, Herbs and Minerals.
Trade, Commerce and Industry: Inter-state trade, Manufacturing, Heavy, Medium, Small Scale and Cottage Industries development. Transport – Roads, Railways, Airports: Programmes and Challenges.
Public Finance: Budget, Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reforms, Taxes and Taxation, Public Income and Financial Deficit, Public Expenditure and Debt.
Human Development: Human Development Index, Literacy and Education System, Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Programmes, Unemployment and Employment Schemes/Programs, Health and Sanitation, Pension and Insurance, Social Welfare and Government Schemes, Displacenment and Migration, Economic Empowerment of Women.
Agriculture and Rural Development: Major Crops, Fruit Production, Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Holdings and Land Reforms, Farmer Welfare, Panchayati Raj, Community Development and Cooperative Movement, Technological Changes, Agricultural Marketing, Minimum Support Price, Rural Development Schemes.
Banking and Finance: Present Scenario, Development of Banking and Its Contribution to State GDP, Inclusive Finance, Rural Credit – Challenges and Policy.
Tourism and Pilgrimage: Contribution of Tourism and Pilgrimage in Economic Development, Eonomic Importance of Religious Tourism, Tourism Development Programmes and Plans.
Geography of India and Demography :
It will include question on broad understanding of Indian Geography and Demography. Questions will be asked on the following topics:
1. Physical features of India.
2. Geological System and Structure.
3. Relief, Drainage and Interlinking of Rivers.
4. Climate phenomena: El-Nino, La-Nina, Southern Oscillation, Western Disturbances, Consequences of Climate Change.
5. Soils degradation and Deforestation.
6. Forest, Forest products, Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biodiversity Hot-Spot.
7. Environmental problems and Ecological Issues in India.
8. International boundaries of India and related Geopolitical Issues.
9. Salient features of Indian Agriculture, Agro-based activates, Land Reforms, Problems of Wasteland and their reclamation.
10. Mines and Minerals, Energy resources, Energy crisis and search for alternatives.
11. Industrial development in India.
12. Major Transport Corridors, Problems and prospects of Civil Aviation and Water Transport.
13. Regional disparities in Economic Development of India.
14. Natural Hazards and Disasters in India.
14. Regional consciousness and Nation integration of India on the basis of Physical and Demographic characteristics, Geographical basis of CenterState relations.
15. Distribution and growth of population in India, Demographic characteristics, Dependency Ratio, Migration (Interregional, Interstate and International).
GEOGRAPHY OF UTTARAKHAND, DEMOGRAPHY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT :
1. Geographical set up and geo-political significance of Uttarakhand.
2. Origin of Uttarakhand Himalaya, physiographic divisions of Uttarakhand and geographical conditions responsible for the inhabitation in different physiographic divisions.
3. Major rivers, their origin and significance-geographical, economic, cultural, environmental and religious.
4. Major mountains and their significance- geographical, economic, cultural, environmental and religious.
5. Climate including causes and effects of climatic diversity.
6. Forest resources and the factors affecting different forest types, forest diversity and physiography; altitudinal zones and climatic conditions, forest resources and economic development, conservation of forest resources.
7. Development of horticulture and responsible geographical factors and climatic variability, Challenges to horticulture.
8. Major crops and geographical factors and climatic conditions responsible for crop diversity. Causes and effects of crop rotation.
9. Means of irrigation and geographical factors affecting their development. Major projects of irrigation, irrigation schemes, Minor Irrigation.
10. Agricultural holdings – types and their causes.
11. Natural and man-made calamities and disaster management- types, causes and their impact on human life. Role of disaster management in natural and man-made calamities, Impact of natural and man-made calamities on human life and environment. Efforts of Uttarakhand Government to mitigate the impact of disasters.
12. Water crisis and watershed management – factors responsible for water crisis, impact of water crisis on human life. Role of watershed management in mitigating water crisis, significance of watershed management, challenges to watershed management.
13. Problems of remote areas : types and causes – environmental challenges, economic challenges, health challenges and access to basic services. Efforts of Uttarakhand Government to overcome the problems of remote areas.
14. Environment and Environmental Movements-major environmental movements, their causes and impact upon the development of Uttarakhand, Chipko Movement, Struggle for statehood.
15. Biodiversity and its preservation – types of biodiversity, factors affecting biodiversity of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Himalaya as a Biodiversity HotSpot of Himalaya, relevance of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity/challenges to biodiversity, Major initiatives for conservation efforts in Uttarakhand.
16. Population of Uttarakhand – diversity in distribution, density, sex-ratio, literacy and factors affecting them. Migration and its causes and impact of out-migration.
Statistical analysis, graph and diagram :
Statistical analysis of data through measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, graphs and diagrams along with corresponding concepts of their application.

Current events :
Current events of international and national importance alongwith games and sports related to the following:
(1) Global
(2) Asia
(3) India
(4) Uttarakhand
UKPSC Lower PCS Exam Pattern 2025
Prelims
Duration : 120 Minutes

Mains Exam (Subjective Type)